Chapter-44 - Passion

1. What is passion (Kashaya) ?

1. Which kills/destroys the attribute of conduct of the soul, is called Kashaya (passion). (R.V. 9/7/11)
2. The word Kashaya is the combination of two words Kas +aya. 'Kas' means the world, because the living beings suffer many troubles by griefs in this world, and 'Aya' means the profit, thus Kashaya means by which the world ,i.e. transmigration is obtained, is Kashaya.
3. 'Kashaya' is called the inner impure disposition of the soul, the being suffers griefs/pains transmigrating in all the four body-forms by these 'Kashaya'. 'Kashaya' (passion) is like a magnet by which the 'Karmas' clings to the soul.
4. " That which throbs, does violence (do harm), i.e. destroys / kills the soul, is called Kashaya, i.e. passion. The Hindi word "Kashaya" means the extract of bark, leave, root and fruit. Just as that extract changes the colour of the clothes, etc. similarly the passion also destroying the forbearance, etc. virtues of the Jeeva, makes him otherwise, hence, anger, etc., are called passion. (Bhagwati Aradhna, 27)

2. In which life-course, the living beings takes birth due to which Kashaya (passion)?

There is, as a rule, rise of anger in the first time period in beings taking birth in infernal bodyform, the rise of pride in human body-form, rise of deceit (illusion) in animal body-form and rise of greed in celestial body-form (according to Acharya Shri Yativrashabh) and there is abundance of these very passions in these life-courses. But abundance of greed remains in women.

3. What are the kinds of passion (Kashaya) ?

In general the passions are of four kinds. Anger, pride, deceit (illusion) and greed. Each of these four are further divided into four sub-classes, namely, 'Anantanubandhi', (i.e. which leads to infinite births) anger, pride, deceit and greed, 'Apratyakhyanavarna', (i.e. which hinders partial abstinence) anger, pride, deceit and greed, Pratyakhyanavarana' ,(i.e. which disturbs complete self-restraint) anger, pride, deceit, greed and 'Samjvalana', (i.e. which interferes in perfect conduct), anger, pride, deceit and greed.

4. What is 'Anantanubandhi' 'Kashaya'?

The nature of which is to bind infinite births, is 'Anantanubandhi Kashaya'. This passion kills both, the right-belief and right-conduct. (Karam Kand - 45)

5. What is 'Apratyakhyanavarana Kashaya' ?

That which kills partial abstinence, is 'Apratyakhyanavarana Kashaya'. 'Apratyakhyan' means that which obstructs/covers partial abstinence, i.e. which does not let to take partial abstinence, is 'Apratyakhyanavarana Kashaya'. (Karam Kand - 45)

6. What is 'Pratyakhyanavarana Kashaya'? 

That which kills the entire restraint is 'Pratyakhyanavarana Kashaya'. 'Pratyakhyana' means that which obstructs (covers) restraint, does not let to accept restraint, is 'Pratyakhyanavarana Kashaya'. (Karam Kand - 45)

7. What is 'Samjvalana Kashaya' ?

In the existence of which passion ,however the Sakal Samyama (restraint without all attachment & passions) exists but the Yatha khiyata Samyama, i.e. perfect Samyama is not manifested, is Samjvalana Kashaya.

8. Which are the examples and fruits of the powers of passions ?

See the table given below-

Fruit (effect) - The fruit of Anantanubandhi Kashaya is body-form of hell, of Apratyakhyanavarana Kashaya is body-form of animals, of Pratyakhyanavarana Kashaya is human body-form and that of Samjvalana Kashaya ,is celestial body-form. (Jeeva Kand - Gatha 284-287)

9. How much time of influence (nurture-period) is there of passions ?

The influence (nurture) period of Anantanubandhi Kashaya remains more than six months and until numerable, innumerable and infinite births, of Apratyakhyanavarana Kashaya up to six months, of Pratyakhyanavarana Kashaya till half the lunar month, i.e. 15 days (one fortnight) and that of Samjvalana Kashaya up to only a small unit of time (less than 48 minutes). (Karam Kand - 46)

10. What is the passion of anger ?

Anger is the cruel feeling of harming, destroying or damaging self and others. It may be inimical or otherwise to anyone but it necessarily harms one's own-self. The anger is like a burning cinder which if is thrown on others, the others may burn or not but the hand of the thrower is necessarily burnt. It increases the heart-beatings (throbbing of heart), hands and feet begin to tremble ,eyes become red and prudence as to what is beneficial and what is

inimical, is finished.

11. What are the causes (motives) of Anger ?

1. Rise of Kashaya.
2. Due to hunger and thirst.
3. The desire is not fulfilled.
4. Any one tells (accuses) one's right thing or work as wrong.
5. Due to lack of knowledge.

12. Explain the influence (fruits) of the passion of Anger ?

1. Due to anger 'Dwipayan Muni' took birth as 'Agnikumara Deva' (a type of deity known as god of fire).
2. Food and water taken at the time of anger becomes poison.
3. King Arvind took birth in the hell due to anger.

13. How can we save ourselves from the passion of Anger?

We can save ourselves from the passion of anger as stated below :

1. Sufferings or pains of others should be understood as of ourselves.
2. Real state of affairs should be understood (story of mongoose, snake and a child).
3. The place of incident / happening should be changed as Sharvan Kumara did.
4. Not to answer i.e. the quarrel disappears keeping mum.
5. Look at the sky for some moments.

14. Whose anger remains for what time ? (up to when ?)

1. The anger of Guru remains till they are greeted respectfully. Their anger comes to an end after greeting them.
2. Anger of Kshatris remains till death, i.e. for a very long time or their anger results in destroying the vital breath (life).
3. Anger of Brahmins remains till alms. it is quieted/pacified after getting alms.
4. Anger of Traders (merchants) remains till loving words. They become quieted by loving words abandoning the anger.
5. Anger of Land-owners and money-lenders is quieted on paying their debt. (Nitivakyamirtam)
6. Anger of Learned remain till hearing their praise. Their anger is quieted as soon as they are praised.
7. Anger of Children remains till they do not get their favourite thing. Their anger is pacified as soon as they get their desired thing.
8. Anger of ladies remains till they do not get Sarri & ornaments of their liking. Their anger is subsided as soon as they get them.

15. What is pride-passion ?

Egoism, pride, arrogance (conceit, vanity), is called pride-passion (Mana Kashaya) or absence of modesty towards others because of resentment or having arrogances of knowledge, penance, caste, etc. (Shri Dhavla Pustaka, 1/111/351)

16. What is the effect (result/fruit) of 'Mana Kashaya'?

Ravana Vidyadhar has to go to hell, Durgandha named girl suffered much pains, Marichi Risi has to stray in many evil life-courses (due to Mana Kashaya).

17. How can the 'Mana Kashaya' is checked ?

Whichever arrogance (pride) one is in possession among all the eight arrogances, should look at more worthy people than one's own-self, then the pride shall go down on its own. If there is pride of knowledge, look at the Omniscient, if it is pride of wealth, then look at Chakarvarti, if it is pride of beauty then look at the 'Kamadeva' (the god of love), if it is pride of strength, then look at Bhim, Ravana, Similarly, other arrogances may be under

stood.

18. What is passion of deceit (Maya Kashaya) ?

1. Whatever crookedness or deceit is practiced for cheating others is 'Maya Kashaya'.
2. Trying to conceal heart-felt thoughts, is Maya Kashaya'. Non-uniformity in mind, speech and body, is called deceitful practice. Such persons are called cheaters or deceivers, even father-mother, brother, sister do not believe the words of such persons.

19. What is the effect (fruit) of 'Maya Kashaya'?

1. Due to deceitful action (practice), even Mirdumati Maharaj has to go in the body-form of elephant.
2. A blemish (blot) was appended with the name of Yudhishtra because in war he uttered  i.e. 'Ashvatthama is caused to death-whether human being or an elephant ?

20. How can the passion of deceit is checked ?

None of the deceitful behaviour of any one has remained hidden till today, precisely it is disclosed in the last. Hence, by living with simplicity, straightforwardness, honesty, frankness in speaking, uniformity between words and acts, hiding one's own virtues and disclosing own faults, etc., the passion of deceit can be checked. And always remember that the deceitful, is not close associate of any one.

21. What is passion of greed (Lobha Kashaya)?

1. Intense desire for wealth ,etc. is 'Lobha Kashaya'.
2. Passionate wisdom of myness in outer objects, is greed. It has been called as the father of all the five sins - A covetous (greedy) is never happy. He always remains burning in the fire of desire that he should always get more and more, neither does he enjoy himself nor let others to enjoy.

22. What is the effect (result) of 'Lobha Kashaya' (passion of greed)?

1. 'Kauravas' have to go to hell due to greed.
2. The answer to the question - who is the father of sin? Pandit Ji has to bear insult/disgrace by the prostitute.
3. That farmer who was assured to get desired land for 1000/- Rubals (a Russian currency) died of running and running due to greed.

23. How can one save one's-own-self from 'Lobha Kashaya'?

The sea is not satisfied with the thousands of rivers; the fire does not satisfy with thousand tons of wood; no satiety is felt even after enjoying the pleasures of heaven for 'Sagropam' years (a transcendental time limit, a Sagar is a measuring unit of ten Korha-korhi 'Palya' according to transcendental mathematics), then what can happen here (can be enjoyed) in the total age of 60-70 years. Bharat Chakaravarti had fight with his brother but in the end he had to abandon the kingdom, then why are we all running after it tenaciously and destroying our-life? We should think like this.

24. What is ‘No Kashaya’ (Quasi-passion)?

That which makes one feel the passion slightly, is called quasi-passion (Akashaya).

25. What are the kinds of 'No Kashaya' (Quasi-passion)?

The quasi-passions are nine, namely laugher, liking, disliking, sorrow, fear, disgust, the female sex-passion (femininity), the male sex-passion (virility-nature of male causing lust for females), and the neuter sex-passion (Hermaphrodite Libido ,i.e. beings in whom characteristics of both the sexes are combined).